feat(wiki): restructure BL and JC deployment pages to Wikipedia standard
- Merged overview h2 into lead paragraphs - Converted timeline tables to chronological narrative h3 with date ranges - Added task achievements section to all unmanned mission pages - Unified infobox format with label/data columns Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
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<style>
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.wiki-article { max-width: 1180px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 24px 32px 48px; color: #202122; background: #fff; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; }
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.wiki-article h1 { font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 2.15em; }
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.wiki-article h2 { font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; clear: both; margin: 1.35em 0 0.6em; padding-bottom: 0.18em; font-size: 1.55em; }
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.wiki-article p { margin: 0.45em 0 0.85em; }
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.wiki-article a { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }
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.wiki-article a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
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.wiki-article img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
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.wiki-article .media-link { display: block; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
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.wiki-article .tright { float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.35em 0 1em 1.4em; }
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.wiki-article .tleft { float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.35em 1.4em 1em 0; }
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.wiki-article .thumbcaption { padding: 4px 3px 2px; text-align: left; color: #202122; }
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.wiki-article .gallery-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 16px; margin: 1em 0; }
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.wiki-article .gallery-item { border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 4px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.4; }
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.wiki-article .gallery-item img { display: block; width: 100%; cursor: zoom-in; }
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.wiki-article .gallery-item .thumbcaption { padding: 4px 2px 2px; }
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@media (max-width: 820px) { .wiki-article { padding: 18px 16px 36px; } .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
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.wiki-article img[data-wiki-asset] { cursor: zoom-in; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox { position: fixed; inset: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 24px; background: rgba(32,33,34,0.84); z-index: 10000; box-sizing: border-box; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox[hidden] { display: none; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-panel { position: relative; width: min(1120px, 96vw); max-height: 92vh; overflow: auto; margin: 0; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 12px 38px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); box-sizing: border-box; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-panel img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 82vh; object-fit: contain; background: #000; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-close { position: sticky; top: 0; float: right; width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: -2px -2px 8px 10px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #eaecf0; color: #202122; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; cursor: pointer; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-close:hover, .wiki-image-lightbox-close:focus { background: #fff; }
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body.wiki-image-lightbox-open { overflow: hidden; }
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@media (max-width: 820px) { .wiki-image-lightbox { padding: 12px; } .wiki-image-lightbox-panel { width: 98vw; max-height: 94vh; } }
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</style>
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<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
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<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-01 任务图集</h1>
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<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01">← 返回任务页</a> | 共 3 张影像</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02/Gallery">BL-02 图集 →</a></p>
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<p>BL-01 是广寒计划的开篇——将首座全自动氢氧燃料工厂送上月面。以下影像记录了冰轮一号从 CZ-16 运载火箭释放到月面着陆、直至 ISRU 模块投入运行的全过程。</p>
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<h2>地月转移</h2>
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<div class="gallery-grid">
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_tli.png" alt="冰轮ISRU TLI点火" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_tli.png"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 二级执行 TLI 点火,将冰轮一号送入地月转移轨道。冰轮一号此时仍由转移级承载,4 天后将抵达月球。</div></div>
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</div>
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<h2>月面着陆</h2>
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<div class="gallery-grid">
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_landing.png" alt="冰轮ISRU月面着陆" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_landing.png"><div class="thumbcaption">2024 年 4 月 19 日 22:58,冰轮一号动力下降着陆于月球东方海。着陆腿展开吸收冲击,发动机羽流在月面扬起浅色月尘。东方海盆地的暗色玄武岩地表在远处延伸至地平线。</div></div>
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</div>
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<h2>ISRU 运行</h2>
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<div class="gallery-grid">
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_working.png" alt="冰轮ISRU工作中" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_working.png"><div class="thumbcaption">着陆后数小时,冰轮一号展开太阳能电池板(25 kW 峰值功率),自动化采矿机构开始采集月壤水冰原料。ISRU 模块以日产 3 吨氢氧燃料的速率持续生产,直至 5 月 1 日月夜降临进入休眠。画面中太阳能电池板后方可隐约看出 ISRU 模块的散热格栅。</div></div>
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</div>
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<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02/Gallery">BL-02 图集 →</a></p>
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<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01">← 返回任务页</a></p>
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fn();
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}
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}
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function captionFor(image) {
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var container = image.closest('figure, td, tr, .infobox-image, .gallery-item');
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if (!container) {
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return image.alt || '';
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}
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var caption = container.querySelector('.thumbcaption');
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}
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return;
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}
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article.dataset.lightboxReady = '1';
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var overlay = document.createElement('div');
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overlay.className = 'wiki-image-lightbox';
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overlay.hidden = true;
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overlay.innerHTML = '<figure class="wiki-image-lightbox-panel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><button class="wiki-image-lightbox-close" type="button" aria-label="Close image preview">x</button><img alt=""><figcaption class="thumbcaption"></figcaption></figure>';
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function closePreview() {
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previewImage.removeAttribute('src');
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event.stopImmediatePropagation();
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}
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previewImage.src = image.currentSrc || image.src;
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previewImage.alt = image.alt || '';
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previewCaption.textContent = captionFor(image);
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document.body.classList.add('wiki-image-lightbox-open');
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closeButton.focus();
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openPreview(image, event);
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});
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});
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function installAll() {
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document.querySelectorAll('.wiki-article, .vulture-article').forEach(install);
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}
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</script>
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</article>
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<style>
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body:has(.wiki-article) .page-header-section { display: none !important; }
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@media (min-width: 1264px) {
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body:has(.wiki-article) .page-col-sd { top: 118px !important; }
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}
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.wiki-article { max-width: 1180px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 24px 32px 48px; color: #202122; background: #fff; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; }
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.wiki-article h1, .wiki-article h2 { color: #202122 !important; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", serif; font-weight: normal; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; }
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.wiki-article h1 { margin: 0 0 0.35em !important; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.3; }
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.wiki-article h2 { clear: none; overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0 0.45em; padding-bottom: 0.12em; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.35; }
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.wiki-article h3 { margin: 1.1em 0 0.35em; font-size: 1.18em; font-weight: bold; }
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.wiki-article p { margin: 0.5em 0 1em; }
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.wiki-article .infobox-overlap-section { min-width: 0; overflow: hidden; }
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.wiki-article .infobox-overlap-section .wikitable { table-layout: fixed; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
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.wiki-article a { color: #36c; text-decoration: none; }
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.wiki-article a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
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.wiki-article ul, .wiki-article ol { margin: 0.4em 0 1em 1.65em; padding: 0; }
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.wiki-article li { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
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.wiki-article table.infobox { float: right; clear: right; width: 360px; margin: 0 0 24px 48px !important; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important; border-collapse: separate !important; border-spacing: 0 !important; table-layout: fixed; background: #f8f9fa; font-size: 84%; line-height: 1.45; }
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.wiki-article .infobox caption { padding: 9px 12px; background: #eaecf0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom: 0; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.15em; line-height: 1.35; }
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.wiki-article .infobox caption span { display: block; margin-top: 3px; color: #54595d; font-size: 0.86em; font-weight: normal; }
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.wiki-article .infobox th, .wiki-article .infobox td { border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; vertical-align: top; }
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.wiki-article table.infobox th.infobox-label { width: 31%; padding: 7px 5px 7px 11px !important; background: #f8f9fa !important; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #eaecf0 !important; color: #54595d; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
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.wiki-article table.infobox td.infobox-data { width: 69%; padding: 7px 11px 7px 7px !important; background: #f8f9fa !important; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #eaecf0 !important; color: #202122; }
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.wiki-article .infobox-section th { padding: 6px 9px !important; border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important; background: #eaecf0 !important; color: #202122; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; }
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.wiki-article .infobox-image { padding: 8px 10px 5px !important; border: 0 !important; background: #f8f9fa !important; text-align: center; }
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.wiki-article .infobox-image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; cursor: pointer; }
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.wiki-article .thumbcaption { padding: 4px 3px 2px; color: #202122; font-size: 0.88em; line-height: 1.4; text-align: left; }
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.wiki-article .infobox .thumbcaption { padding: 4px 0 2px; text-align: center; }
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.wiki-article .wikitable { width: 100%; margin: 1em 0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8f9fa; font-size: 90%; }
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.wiki-article .wikitable th, .wiki-article .wikitable td { padding: 6px 8px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
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.wiki-article .wikitable th { background: #eaecf0; font-weight: bold; }
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.wiki-article blockquote { border-left: 3px solid #a2a9b1; padding-left: 14px; margin: 12px 0; color: #54595d; }
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@media (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 820px) { .wiki-article .wikitable { display: block; overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap; } }
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@media (max-width: 600px) {
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.wiki-article { padding: 18px 14px 36px; font-size: 14px; }
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.wiki-article h1 { font-size: 1.8em; }
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.wiki-article table.infobox { float: none; width: 100%; margin: 0.75em 0 1em !important; }
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.wiki-article .wikitable { display: block; overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap; }
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}
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.wiki-article img[data-wiki-asset] { cursor: zoom-in; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox { position: fixed; inset: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 24px; background: rgba(32,33,34,0.84); z-index: 10000; box-sizing: border-box; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox[hidden] { display: none; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-panel { position: relative; width: min(1120px, 96vw); max-height: 92vh; overflow: auto; margin: 0; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 12px 38px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); box-sizing: border-box; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-panel img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 82vh; object-fit: contain; background: #000; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-close { position: sticky; top: 0; float: right; width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: -2px -2px 8px 10px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #eaecf0; color: #202122; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; cursor: pointer; }
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.wiki-image-lightbox-close:hover, .wiki-image-lightbox-close:focus { background: #fff; }
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body.wiki-image-lightbox-open { overflow: hidden; }
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@media (max-width: 820px) { .wiki-image-lightbox { padding: 12px; } .wiki-image-lightbox-panel { width: 98vw; max-height: 94vh; } }
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</style>
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<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
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<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-01</h1>
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<table class="infobox">
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<caption>BL-01<span>广寒计划 · 冰轮 ISRU 首航</span></caption>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><img src="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_landing.png" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-01/binglun_isru_landing.png" alt="冰轮一号月面着陆"><div class="thumbcaption">冰轮一号着陆于月球东方海</div></td></tr>
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<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务概况</th></tr>
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<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务编号</th><td class="infobox-data">BL-01</td></tr>
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<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">所属计划</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划</a></td></tr>
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<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务目标</th><td class="infobox-data">首艘冰轮着陆东方海,启动 ISRU 燃料生产</td></tr>
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<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务状态</th><td class="infobox-data">✅ 成功</td></tr>
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<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">发射与着陆</th></tr>
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<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">发射日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-04-15</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">运载火箭</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">载荷</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮一号</a>(ISRU 型)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">着陆日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-04-19</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">着陆点</th><td class="infobox-data">月球东方海</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务导航</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务导航</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02">BL-02</a> →</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
</tbody>
|
||||||
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><b>冰轮部署任务-01</b>(<b>BL-01</b>)是广寒计划的<b>首次发射</b>,也是整个计划中最重要的基石任务。2024 年 4 月 15 日,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a>运载火箭将首艘<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮着陆器</a>(ISRU 构型)送上月球东方海——在任何人造结构或宇航员抵达之前,先把一座全自动氢氧燃料工厂部署到位。冰轮一号搭载的 12 吨 ISRU 模块在着陆后 9 小时内启动,以日产 3 吨的速率持续生产液氢液氧,为后续所有月面任务提供燃料基础。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>这一任务的逻辑前提简单而深远:如果每一次登月任务都需要从地球携带全部推进剂,月面基地的运营成本将不可持续。月面 ISRU 的成功与否,决定了广寒计划是可持续的物流循环体系,还是一次性的"插旗式"登月。BL-01 用一座 12 吨重的 ISRU 模块回答了这个问题——在 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 乘组抵达之前,冰轮一号已累计生产超过 80 吨氢氧燃料。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section class="infobox-overlap-section" aria-labelledby="background">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="background">任务背景</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>广寒计划的核心前提是月面 ISRU——在月球当地生产氢氧燃料,反哺地月运输系统。如果每一次登月任务都需要从地球携带全部推进剂,月面基地的运营成本将不可持续。BL-01 是整个广寒计划的基石任务:在任何人造结构或宇航员抵达之前,先把一座全自动燃料工厂送到月面。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮一号选装的 ISRU 载荷重 12 吨,包含三个核心子系统:氢氧燃料生产模块(从月壤水冰中电解提取氢和氧)、自动化采矿机构(采集原料),以及配套的散热系统。在月昼期间,冰轮一号以 3 吨/天的速率持续生产氢氧燃料;月夜降临时,电池维持最低温控,系统休眠等待日出。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>着陆点东方海位于月球风暴洋最西缘的泰勒环形山附近,是月球上最重要的大型撞击盆地构造之一。选址此处基于前期遥感数据的评估——该区域极地水冰沉积较为丰富,且地势平坦适合着陆和后续建设。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>BL-01 的成功意味着广寒计划拥有了第一个月面燃料来源。后续每一艘抵达月面的飞船——冰轮二号、广寒核心舱、吴刚着陆器——都将依赖于这座无人燃料工厂的持续产出。</p>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="details">任务详情</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>发射与月面着陆(4 月 15 日至 19 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>2024 年 4 月 15 日,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a>运载火箭搭载<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮一号</a>(ISRU 构型)从文昌发射场发射升空。这是广寒计划的首次发射,一级在完成任务后于海上驳船成功回收。经过约 4 天的地月转移飞行,冰轮一号于 4 月 19 日执行近月制动,进入 100×100 km 绕月轨道(LLO)。同日 22 时 58 分,冰轮一号在 Hecate 液氧液氢发动机的动力下降下成功着陆于月球东方海——在任何人造结构或宇航员抵达之前,广寒计划的第一件硬件已就位。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>ISRU 部署与燃料生产启动(4 月 20 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>着陆后次日凌晨 01 时 01 分,冰轮一号展开折叠式太阳能电池板,稳定输出功率 25 kW。太阳能电池板部署完成后,冰轮一号航电系统进入全功能运行模式。上午 08 时 25 分,自动化采矿机构从着陆器两侧展开——两台六轮独立驱动采矿车沿导轨滑出,钻探臂和月壤输送带就位。ISRU 模块的固态氧化物电解堆开始预热,进料系统启动首批月壤样本的处理。在着陆后不到 10 小时,广寒计划的月面燃料生产正式启动。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>ISRU 技术系统</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮一号搭载的 ISRU 模块(质量 12 吨)是广寒计划中技术密度最高的单体载荷,设计目标为在无人工干预条件下连续运行至少 6 个月。系统由三个核心子系统组成:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>氢氧燃料生产模块</b>:通过固态氧化物电解(SOE)技术,在约 800°C 高温下将月壤水冰中的水分子电解为氢气和氧气。与传统低温电解(PEM)相比,SOE 的效率高出约 15%,且对原料水纯度要求较低——月壤中的杂质水冰无需精炼即可直接进入电解流程。产出气体经低温液化后分别储存在冰轮着陆器的内置液氢和液氧储箱中。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>自动化采矿机构</b>:由两台六轮独立驱动的采矿车组成,每台配备钻探臂和月壤输送带。采矿车从着陆器两侧展开,采掘半径约 150 m,采集的含冰月壤经破碎、筛分后由输送带传送至生产模块的进料口。采矿车由冰轮着陆器通过脐带电缆供电,单台功耗约 4 kW。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>散热系统</b>:SOE 电解高温段和液化段的余热通过大面积折叠式散热器排放至空间。散热器阵列部署在着陆器背阴侧(北侧),以避免月昼直射阳光对散热效率的影响。散热面积为 42 m²,在月昼正午 120°C 环境温度下仍能将系统内部热端维持在 60°C 以下。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>ISRU 系统的日产速率 3 吨/天是基于东方海区域月壤水冰含量(经遥感估算约 5.6±1.2 wt%)和采矿车采集速率(~120 kg/h)的设计值。在实际运行中,由于局部水冰含量高于预期,冰轮一号在部分月昼期间的峰值产量达到了 3.4 吨/天。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>首个月夜与日出恢复(5 月 1 日至 17 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>5 月 1 日 16 时 49 分,东方海进入日落,月面温度急剧下降。冰轮一号的 ISRU 系统按程序进入休眠状态——采矿车停机归位、电解模块降温、管路排空,电池组维持航电计算机和温控系统的最低功耗运行。这是冰轮着陆器设计的首次月夜生存测试。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>5 月 17 日 23 时 01 分,日出后太阳能电池板重新发电,冰轮一号自动唤醒——采矿车重新展开,ISRU 模块恢复预热和进料,燃料生产无缝恢复。冰轮一号成功通过了首个完整月夜周期的考验,验证了 ISRU 系统的长期无人运行可行性。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="achievements">任务成果</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>广寒计划首次发射与首次月面着陆</b>:冰轮一号于 2024 年 4 月 19 日着陆东方海,验证了冰轮着陆器从发射到月面着陆的完整飞行流程。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>月面 ISRU 成功启动</b>:在着陆后不到 10 小时内,12 吨 ISRU 模块完成部署并启动燃料生产,日产速率 3 吨/天(峰值 3.4 吨/天),验证了月面无人自动燃料工厂的技术可行性。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>首个月夜生存</b>:冰轮一号成功度过首个 14 天月夜并自动恢复运行,证明 ISRU 系统具备长期无人值守的月面生存能力。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>燃料储备基础</b>:截至 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 乘组抵达时,冰轮一号已累计生产超过 80 吨氢氧燃料,为后续所有载人任务提供了燃料基础。冰轮一号的设计允许后期由乘组拆除 ISRU 模块,恢复为标准货运型——届时它将继续作为燃料运输器服务于物流闭环。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="seealso">参见</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划总览</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01/Gallery">BL-01 任务图集</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮可复用着陆器</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a></li>
|
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|
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-02 任务图集</h1>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02">← 返回任务页</a> | 共 5 张影像,按任务阶段排列</p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01/Gallery">← BL-01 图集</a> | <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03/Gallery">BL-03 图集 →</a></p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>BL-02 将第二艘冰轮着陆器(货运构型)送上月面。与冰轮一号的 ISRU 构型不同,冰轮二号的货仓装载空置氢氧燃料罐——它将成为月面燃料储存和分发的中转节点,与冰轮一号的燃料生产能力形成互补。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2>发射与上升</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-grid">
|
||||||
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch.png" alt="冰轮02发射" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch.png"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 运载火箭搭载冰轮二号从文昌发射场升空。与 BL-01 相同的 CZ-16 构型,但载荷由 ISRU 型切换为货运型——货仓内装载空置氢氧燃料罐而非 ISRU 模块。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch2.png" alt="冰轮02发射" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch2.png"><div class="thumbcaption">冰轮二号上升段另一视角。CZ-16 一级 15 台 YF-215X 发动机喷出的甲烷燃烧尾焰呈淡蓝色半透明状,几乎不含碳烟——这正是全流量补燃循环液氧甲烷发动机的优点之一。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h2>地月转移</h2>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_tli.png" alt="冰轮02 TLI点火" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_tli.png"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 二级执行 TLI 点火。二级 2 台 YF-215X Vac 发动机将冰轮二号推向地月转移轨道。此次发射后仅一天,JC-01 的金蟾一号也由 CZ-10E 送入 LEO——广寒计划在 24 小时内连续执行两次发射。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_tli_sep.png" alt="TLI点火及二级分离" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_tli_sep.png"><div class="thumbcaption">TLI 点火后,CZ-16 二级与冰轮二号/转移级组合体分离。二级任务完成,冰轮二号将依靠自身的转移级完成剩余航程。</div></div>
|
||||||
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</div>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h2>月面着陆</h2>
|
||||||
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<div class="gallery-grid">
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_landing.png" alt="月面着陆" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_landing.png"><div class="thumbcaption">2024 年 6 月 23 日 05:23,冰轮二号成功着陆于月球东方海,着陆点位于广寒核心舱以东约 112 m。着陆精度在月面环境下达到亚米级控制水平,为后续 GHC-02 乘组使用柔性管道连接冰轮一号与二号创造了精确的位置条件。背景中可见东方海盆地的月壤层次和撞击溅射物分布。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01/Gallery">← BL-01 图集</a> | <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03/Gallery">BL-03 图集 →</a></p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02">← 返回任务页</a></p>
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||||||
|
<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-02</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<table class="infobox">
|
||||||
|
<caption>BL-02<span>广寒计划 · 第二艘冰轮</span></caption>
|
||||||
|
<tbody>
|
||||||
|
<tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><img src="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch.png" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-02/bl02_launch.png" alt="冰轮二号发射"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 搭载冰轮二号发射升空</div></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务概况</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务编号</th><td class="infobox-data">BL-02</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">所属计划</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务状态</th><td class="infobox-data">✅ 成功</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">发射与着陆</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">发射日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-06-18 01:47</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">运载火箭</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">载荷</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮二号</a>(货运型,携带空置氢氧燃料罐)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">着陆日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-06-23 05:23</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">着陆点</th><td class="infobox-data">月球东方海(广寒核心舱以东 112 m)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务导航</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务导航</th><td class="infobox-data">← <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-01">BL-01</a> · <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03">BL-03</a> →</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
</tbody>
|
||||||
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><b>冰轮部署任务-02</b>(<b>BL-02</b>)于 2024 年 6 月 18 日发射——紧随前一日 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a> 金蟾部署之后,广寒计划在 24 小时内连续执行两次发射。BL-02 将<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮二号</a>着陆器(货运构型,货仓装载空置氢氧燃料罐)精确着陆于广寒核心舱以东仅 112 m 处,着陆精度在月面环境下达到亚米级。冰轮二号与已在月面运行两个月的冰轮一号 ISRU 着陆器形成互补——一个生产燃料,一个储存和分发燃料,为即将到来的 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 首次载人任务中的燃料传输验证做好了硬件准备。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮二号的着陆精度——距广寒核心舱仅 112 m——在月面制导领域具有标杆意义。在无 GPS、无大气辅助、纯惯性制导加地形匹配的着陆条件下,亚米级精度的月面着陆为后续设施之间的精确布局和柔性管道连接(管长有限、不可延长)奠定了基础。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section class="infobox-overlap-section" aria-labelledby="background">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="background">任务背景</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮一号在月面持续生产氢氧燃料,但仅有一台 ISRU 着陆器无法构成物流闭环——燃料需要被运输到需要它的地方,也需要接收来自地球的物资。BL-02 将第二艘冰轮着陆器(货运构型)送上月面,其任务定位与冰轮一号形成互补。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>与冰轮一号不同,冰轮二号未安装 ISRU 模块,而是以货运构型发射——货仓内装载一组空置氢氧燃料罐。这些空罐是物流闭环的第一个"容器":它们将被冰轮一号的 ISRU 产出的燃料填充,然后通过柔性管道传输至其他月面设施或航天器。空罐本身设计为可拆卸单元——当满载燃料后,可由乘组从冰轮二号货仓中取出,通过月面运输车(后续任务部署)转移至吴刚着陆器或其他需要燃料的设施。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮二号发射时携带的空罐组包括 4 个大型液氧罐和 4 个液氢罐,总空载质量约 1.6 吨,满载容量约 85 吨氢氧燃料。加上冰轮一号自身储箱中积累的产量,两艘冰轮组合体的理论燃料库存可达 200 吨以上——足够维持数次吴刚着陆器月面起飞+金蟾转移级 LLO↔LEO 往返。</p>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="details">任务详情</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>发射与月面着陆(6 月 18 日至 23 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>2024 年 6 月 18 日 01 时 47 分,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a>运载火箭搭载<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮二号</a>(货运构型,货仓装载空置氢氧燃料罐)从文昌发射场发射升空。这是广寒计划在 24 小时内执行的第二次发射——前一日(6 月 17 日)<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a> 刚刚将金蟾一号部署入轨。发射后一级采用航区回收模式,在海上驳船成功着陆回收。01 时 52 分一二级分离,01 时 56 分二级 TLI 注入完成,冰轮二号进入地月转移轨道。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>经过约 5 天的地月转移飞行,冰轮二号于 6 月 23 日 02 时 48 分执行近月制动,进入 100×100 km 绕月轨道(LLO)。04 时 52 分,冰轮二号开始动力下降——Hecate 液氧液氢主发动机点火减速,着陆雷达启动地形匹配末制导。05 时 23 分,冰轮二号成功着陆于月球东方海,着陆点位于广寒核心舱以东仅 112 米处,着陆精度达到亚米级。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>着陆精度与制导</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮二号的着陆精度是本任务的一个技术亮点。着陆点位于广寒核心舱以东约 112 米处——在月面环境下这一精度意味着着陆制导系统达到了亚米级控制水平。实现这一精度的关键技术包括:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>地形匹配末制导</b>:在下降末段(高度 < 2 km),着陆雷达对下方月面进行实时扫描,与预装的高分辨率数字高程模型(DEM)进行匹配比对,每分钟更新多次位置修正量。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>着陆点特征锁定</b>:广寒核心舱着陆时产生的浅碟形冲刷坑和发动机羽流扰动区在其着陆后被轨道成像识别,形成了对比度极高的视觉标志——冰轮二号的末制导系统锁定了这一"人工路标"进行相对位置校准。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>Hecate 发动机节流能力</b>:冰轮着陆器配备的 Hecate 液氧液氢发动机具备深度节流能力(最低 35% 额定推力),允许在末段进行精细的速度和位置微调,避免因推力过大导致的过度修正。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>物流角色与任务定位</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮二号在广寒计划物流体系中的角色经历了三个阶段:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ol>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>初期 · 被动接收(GHC-02 期间)</b>:冰轮二号着陆后处于待命状态。GHC-02 乘组通过 EVA 使用柔性管道将冰轮一号与冰轮二号连接——这是月面首次跨着陆器燃料传输。冰轮二号被动接收冰轮一号 ISRU 产出的氢氧燃料,充填货仓内的空置燃料罐。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>中期 · 主动分发(GHC-02 后期)</b>:冰轮二号在燃料罐填充完成后,通过第二套柔性管道连接吴刚着陆器,将燃料从 ISRU 经冰轮二号中继传输至吴刚——验证了"ISRU → 储存 → 用户"的三节点月面燃料分发链路。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>远期 · 燃料上行(GHC-03 及以后)</b>:在金蟾物流环启动后,冰轮二号将成为燃料上行运输的主力——携带外挂油箱从月面起飞至 LLO,将 95 吨液氢液氧交付给待命的金蟾转移级。这是月面 ISRU 燃料进入地月物流闭环的"最后一公里"。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ol>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="achievements">任务成果</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>亚米级着陆精度</b>:冰轮二号着陆于广寒核心舱以东仅 112 米处,验证了地形匹配末制导和"人工路标"相对定位技术在月面环境下的实战能力。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>24 小时内双发射</b>:BL-02 紧随 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a> 发射,广寒计划首次在 24 小时内执行两次独立发射任务,体现了计划的发射节奏和物流协调能力。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>冰轮 ISRU-货运互补编队形成</b>:冰轮二号(货运型)与冰轮一号(ISRU 型)在月面形成互补——一个生产燃料,一个储存和分发燃料——为 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 的首次燃料传输验证奠定了硬件基础。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>三节点燃料分发链路就绪</b>:冰轮二号的空置燃料罐组(总容量约 85 吨)和货仓设计为"ISRU → 储存 → 用户"的月面燃料链路提供了关键中间节点,月面燃料物流从单点生产走向网络化分发。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="seealso">参见</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划总览</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02/Gallery">BL-02 任务图集</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02 — 首次载人着陆</a>(完成冰轮一号与二号的柔性管道连接)</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮可复用着陆器</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a></li>
|
||||||
|
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||||||
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||||||
|
<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-03 任务图集</h1>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03">← 返回任务页</a> | 共 6 张影像,按任务阶段排列</p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02/Gallery">← BL-02 图集</a></p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>BL-03 是冰轮着陆器 Block 2 的首航——燃料箱延长至 36.7 m 全高,内部燃料容量从 96.6 吨提升至 121.6 吨,取消顶部保温箱改以 32 层 MLI 增强层替代。以下影像记录了冰轮三号从发射到加入东方海编队的全过程。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2>发射</h2>
|
||||||
|
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|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch.png" alt="冰轮3号发射" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch.png"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 运载火箭搭载冰轮三号(Block 2 货运型)从文昌发射场升空。冰轮三号全高 36.7 m——比 Block 1 高出 6.5 m——肉眼可见箭体长细比更大。</div></div>
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch2.png" alt="冰轮3号发射" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch2.png"><div class="thumbcaption">同一发射的另一视角。15 台 YF-215X 发动机的淡蓝色甲烷尾焰在上升段清晰可辨——全流量补燃循环几乎不产生碳烟沉积。</div></div>
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||||||
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<h2>地月转移与着陆</h2>
|
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_loi.png" alt="冰轮3号近月制动" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_loi.png"><div class="thumbcaption">冰轮三号执行近月制动进入 LLO——此时正值 GHC-03 任务期间,嫦娥 4 号乘组正在广寒基地执行电力模块安装。冰轮三号将在 LLO 等待着陆窗口。</div></div>
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_descent_burn.png" alt="月面主减速段" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_descent_burn.png"><div class="thumbcaption">冰轮三号从 LLO 开始动力下降。Hecate 主发动机以全推力进行主减速——Block 2 增加的燃料容量使着陆段拥有更充裕的 Δv 裕度。下方为月球东方海盆地的玄武岩月面。</div></div>
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_landing.png" alt="月面着陆" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_landing.png"><div class="thumbcaption">冰轮三号成功着陆于东方海广寒基地附近。着陆后冰轮编队增至三艘——冰轮一号(Block 1, ISRU)、冰轮二号(Block 1, 货运)和冰轮三号(Block 2, 大运力货运)。三艘冰轮的总燃料上行能力(单次 LLO 交付)超过 250 吨液氢液氧。</div></div>
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<h2>冰轮编队</h2>
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<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl_fleet_three.png" alt="三艘冰轮编队" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl_fleet_three.png"><div class="thumbcaption">广寒基地冰轮编队全景——从左往右依次为:冰轮三号(Block 2,最高/最宽)、冰轮二号(Block 1,左侧)、冰轮一号(Block 1,最右侧,ISRU 设备可见)。三艘冰轮围绕广寒核心舱呈弧形分布,构成广寒基地物流体系的月面支撑节点。冰轮一号将在后续任务中拆除 ISRU 模块、转为货运型,届时整个编队将实现单一物流职能。</div></div>
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</div>
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<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02/Gallery">← BL-02 图集</a></p>
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<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03">← 返回任务页</a></p>
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<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
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||||||
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<h1 id="top">冰轮部署任务-03</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<table class="infobox">
|
||||||
|
<caption>BL-03<span>广寒计划 · 首艘 Block 2 冰轮</span></caption>
|
||||||
|
<tbody>
|
||||||
|
<tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><img src="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch.png" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-bl-03/bl3_launch.png" alt="冰轮三号发射"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-16 搭载冰轮三号(Block 2 首航)升空</div></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务概况</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务编号</th><td class="infobox-data">BL-03</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">所属计划</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">状态</th><td class="infobox-data">✅ 飞行中 / 待补充</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">发射与轨道</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">发射日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-09-18 03:00</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">运载火箭</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">载荷</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮三号</a>(货运型,Block 2)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">近月制动</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-09-22 23:20</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">着陆窗口</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒标准 LLO 窗口</a> — 2024-09-23</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务导航</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务导航</th><td class="infobox-data">← <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02">BL-02</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
</tbody>
|
||||||
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><b>冰轮部署任务-03</b>(<b>BL-03</b>)是<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮着陆器</a> <b>Block 2 的首航</b>,于 2024 年 9 月 18 日发射。冰轮三号(Block 2)在 Block 1 基础上延长了燃料箱(全高 36.7 m,内部燃料容量 121.6 吨,较 Block 1 增加 25 吨)、加宽了货仓(内部净宽 5.6 m),并取消了顶部保温燃料箱改以 32 层 MLI 增强层替代——节省约 1.4 吨结构质量。冰轮三号着陆后,广寒冰轮编队增至三艘,总燃料上行能力超过 250 吨,为金蟾物流环提供充裕的运力基础。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>BL-03 是广寒计划的第三次冰轮部署任务。发射时正值 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 任务期间——嫦娥四号乘组正在广寒基地执行电力模块安装,BL-03 的冰轮三号将在 LLO 等待合适的着陆窗口后下降至东方海,加入冰轮编队。Block 2 冰轮的三方面升级——燃料箱延长、货仓加宽、MLI 替代顶部保温箱——使其燃料上行和模块运输能力显著超越 Block 1,将成为后期金蟾物流环的主力运输器。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section class="infobox-overlap-section" aria-labelledby="background">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="background">任务背景</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 任务结束后,广寒基地的物流需求发生了结构性变化。冰轮二号被指定为专职燃料运输冰轮,冰轮一号计划在拆除 ISRU 设备后同样转为货运型——这意味着月面 ISRU 燃料生产将完全由新部署的基地级 ISRU 模块(广寒 01 电力模块集成的 ISRU 系统)承担,而两艘 Block 1 冰轮将专注于燃料上行运输(LLO ↔ 月面)。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>在此背景下,BL-03 引入 Block 2 冰轮具有双重意义:一是验证 Block 2 增大的燃料箱和延长货仓在实际飞行中的性能——包括发射段结构载荷、近月制动时的推进剂晃动特性和着陆腿对新重心的适应性;二是为冰轮编队注入更大的运力——Block 2 的 121.6 吨内部燃料容量意味着在执行模式 C(燃料上行)时,自用燃料余量更大,可为金蟾转移级交付的外挂燃料提供更充裕的 Δv 安全裕度。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>BL-03 的地月转移利用了广寒标准 LLO 窗口——2024 年 9 月 23 日的着陆窗口(参考窗 A)。CZ-16 于 9 月 18 日 03:00 发射——这是发射窗口(着陆窗口减去 5 天地月转移时间)。经过约 5 天的地月转移后,于 9 月 22 日 23:20 执行近月制动进入 LLO。</p>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="details">任务详情</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>发射与地月转移(9 月 18 日至 22 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>2024 年 9 月 18 日 03 时 00 分,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a>运载火箭搭载<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮三号</a>(Block 2 货运型首航)从文昌发射场发射升空。此时正值 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 任务期间——嫦娥四号乘组正在广寒基地执行电力模块安装。03 时 04 分一二级分离,一级开始航区回收程序;03 时 09 分二级 TLI 注入完成,冰轮三号进入地月转移轨道。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>经过约 5 天的地月转移飞行,冰轮三号于 9 月 22 日 23 时 20 分执行近月制动,进入 100×100 km 绕月轨道(LLO)。Block 2 延长的燃料箱(全高 36.7 m,内部燃料容量 121.6 吨)和 32 层 MLI 增强层在地月转移期间首次接受实际飞行环境的考验——发射段结构载荷、推进剂晃动特性以及 MLI 保温性能均通过遥测数据实时监测。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>月面着陆(9 月 23 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>9 月 23 日,冰轮三号执行动力下降,利用广寒标准 LLO 着陆窗口着陆于月球东方海。着陆过程中 Block 2 的着陆腿设计——针对延长箭体带来的重心变化进行了加强——在月面软着陆中表现正常。冰轮三号着陆后,广寒冰轮编队增至三艘:冰轮一号(Block 1,待 ISRU 拆除后转为货运型)、冰轮二号(Block 1,货运型,专职燃料上行)和冰轮三号(Block 2,货运型,大运力模块运输)。三艘冰轮的总燃料上行能力(单次 LLO 交付)超过 250 吨液氢液氧——这意味着金蟾一号和后续的金蟾二号可在单次物流循环中获得足够的地月往返燃料,无需等待多轮月面生产积累。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>Block 2 首航验证</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>作为冰轮 Block 2 的首航,BL-03 承担了多项关键技术验证目标:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>结构完整性</b>:Block 2 的燃料箱延长至 36.7 m 全高(Block 1 为 30.2 m),箭体长细比增大。发射段最大动压(Max Q)阶段,箭体纵向弯矩较 Block 1 增加约 18%——冰轮三号的结构应变传感器在飞行中实时监测了这一差异,验证了 Block 2 结构加强设计的有效性。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>MLI 替代顶部保温箱</b>:Block 1 顶部设有独立的保温燃料箱用于在月夜维持推进剂温度。Block 2 取消了该箱体,改为在储箱外壁增加 32 层 MLI(多层隔热材料)增强层。这一改动节省了约 1.4 吨结构质量,但需要在长达 5 天的地月转移和可能的长时 LLO 待命中验证其保温性能——尤其是在月夜期间推进剂温度维持能力。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>货仓适应性</b>:Block 2 的货仓宽度从 Block 1 的 4.8 m 增加至 5.6 m(内部净宽),以适应更大尺寸的基地模块(如后续任务的广寒 02 模块)。货仓舱门铰链机构和载荷固定接口均进行了重新设计,首航验证了在发射振动和真空环境下的结构可靠性。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>任务展望</h3>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮三号着陆后,广寒基地的冰轮编队将形成三艘可运作着陆器的规模:冰轮一号(Block 1,待 ISRU 拆除后转为货运型)、冰轮二号(Block 1,货运型,专职燃料上行)和冰轮三号(Block 2,货运型,大运力模块运输)。三艘冰轮的总燃料上行能力(单次 LLO 交付)超过 250 吨液氢液氧——这意味着金蟾一号和后续的金蟾二号可在单次物流循环中获得足够的地月往返燃料,无需等待多轮月面生产积累。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>冰轮三号在 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-04">GHC-04</a> 任务后期(2024 年 10 月)参与了广寒 02 模块的接驳和月面着陆——这是 Block 2 冰轮首次执行实际的模块运输任务,也是金蟾物流环中"LLO 接收→月面下行"环节的首次 Block 2 实战验证。</p>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h2 id="achievements">任务成果</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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|
||||||
|
<li><b>冰轮 Block 2 首航成功</b>:冰轮三号作为首艘 Block 2 冰轮着陆器完成从发射到月面着陆的完整飞行流程,验证了延长燃料箱、加宽货仓和 MLI 增强层三项核心升级的飞行性能。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>结构加强设计验证</b>:Block 2 箭体长细比增大带来的纵向弯矩增加(约 18%)在实际飞行中得到验证,结构应变传感器确认加强设计有效。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>MLI 保温性能确认</b>:32 层 MLI 增强层替代顶部保温箱的设计在 5 天地月转移和 LLO 待命中通过初步验证,节省约 1.4 吨结构质量的同时维持了推进剂温度。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>冰轮编队扩展至三艘</b>:三艘冰轮的总燃料上行能力超过 250 吨,为金蟾物流环提供了充裕的运力基础,支持后续大规模基地模块的地月运输。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="seealso">参见</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划总览</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-03/Gallery">BL-03 任务图集</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Binglun_Lander">冰轮可复用着陆器</a> — Block 2 完整技术参数</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-04">GHC-04</a> — 冰轮三号首次实战模块运输</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-16">CZ-16 长征十六号</a></li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
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<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h1 id="top">金蟾部署任务-01 任务图集</h1>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">← 返回任务页</a> | 共 2 张影像</p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-02/Gallery">JC-02 图集 →</a></p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>JC-01 将广寒计划月球物流链的中转枢纽——金蟾一号可复用转移级——部署至近地轨道。为适配 CZ-10E 航区回收运力(LEO 55 t),金蟾以部分加注状态发射,入轨后进入 400×400 km 停泊轨道待命。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2>发射与分离</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-grid">
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-jc-01/cz10e_launch_jinchan.png" alt="CZ-10E发射金蟾一号" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-jc-01/cz10e_launch_jinchan.png"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-10E 运载火箭搭载金蟾一号从文昌发射场升空。CZ-10E 全箭直径 5 m,一级使用 9 台 YF-150 液氧煤油发动机(14,850 kN 起飞推力),本次发射采用航区回收模式——一级分离后降落在海上回收驳船。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
<div class="gallery-item"><img src="/guanghan-jc-01/jinchan_sep.png" alt="金蟾一号分离" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-jc-01/jinchan_sep.png"><div class="thumbcaption">金蟾一号与 CZ-10E 二级分离。二级使用的单台 YF-215X Vac 液氧甲烷发动机已完成入轨推进,金蟾随后自行完成轨道圆化,进入 400×400 km 停泊轨道。金蟾将在 LEO 等待广寒计划后续任务的燃料补给——当冰轮 ISRU 产出足够氢氧燃料并通过柔性管道传输至冰轮二号后,金蟾将启动 LLO↔LEO 往返物流循环。</div></div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-02/Gallery">JC-02 图集 →</a></p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">← 返回任务页</a></p>
|
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|
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<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
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||||||
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||||||
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<h1 id="top">金蟾部署任务-01</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<table class="infobox">
|
||||||
|
<caption>JC-01<span>广寒计划 · 轨道中转枢纽部署</span></caption>
|
||||||
|
<tbody>
|
||||||
|
<tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><img src="/guanghan-jc-01/cz10e_launch_jinchan.png" data-wiki-asset="/guanghan-jc-01/cz10e_launch_jinchan.png" alt="CZ-10E发射金蟾一号"><div class="thumbcaption">CZ-10E 搭载金蟾一号升空</div></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务概况</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务编号</th><td class="infobox-data">JC-01</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">所属计划</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">状态</th><td class="infobox-data">✅ 成功 — 金蟾一号 在轨待命</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">发射与部署</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">发射日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-06-17 08:19</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">运载火箭</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">载荷</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾一号</a>(可复用转移级)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">目标轨道</th><td class="infobox-data">LEO 400×400 km</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务导航</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务导航</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-02">JC-02</a> →</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
</tbody>
|
||||||
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><b>JC-01</b>(<b>金蟾部署任务-01</b>)是广寒计划的第三次发射、第二次入轨任务,也是广寒月球物流体系的关键一环。JC-01 将<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾一号</a>——广寒计划第二型可复用航天器——部署至近地轨道 400×400 km 停泊轨道,为未来 LLO ↔ LEO 往返物流循环准备轨道中转枢纽。金蟾一号本身不执行月面着陆,而是作为太空"渡轮"在月球轨道和地球轨道之间转运模块、燃料和补给,将月面 ISRU 产出的氢氧燃料下行至 LEO,同时将地球发射的基地模块上行至 LLO。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>JC-01 发射日期为 2024 年 6 月 17 日 08:19——前一日 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/BL-02">BL-02</a>(冰轮二号)由 CZ-16 发射,次日(6 月 18 日)BL-02 正在进行地月转移。广寒计划在不到 48 小时内连续执行两次发射,体现了计划的加速节奏。金蟾一号入轨后进入长期待命状态,等待月面燃料生产的启动——这一条件将在 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 任务(约一周后发射)完成后首次满足。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section class="infobox-overlap-section" aria-labelledby="background">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="background">任务背景</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>广寒计划的物流链设计有一个明显的瓶颈:冰轮着陆器自身无法高效地在地球和月球之间往返——它设计为月面↔LLO 的短途穿梭工具,而非地月长途运输工具。冰轮着陆器的 Hecate 发动机和储箱容量针对月面着陆/起飞做了优化,但若要从 LLO 返回 LEO 再返回 LLO,单程 Δv 需求约 7.8 km/s——冰轮携带外挂油箱时勉强可达 5.2 km/s,远远不够。为此,计划引入了第二型可复用载具——金蟾转移级,专门负责 LLO ↔ LEO 的往返转运。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾一号由 <a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E</a> 送入近地轨道 400×400 km。为适配 CZ-10E 在航区回收模式下的运力限制(LEO 55 t),发射时金蟾仅携带入轨所需的少量燃料——干重约 8 吨,加注约 15 吨液氧甲烷用于轨道圆化和初期姿态维持。进入停泊轨道后,金蟾等待来自月面 ISRU 的燃料补给。它的真正运作需要等到冰轮一号生产出足够燃料、冰轮二号完成柔性管道连接、GHC-02 乘组验证燃料传输可行性之后——这些条件将在约一周后 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-02">GHC-02</a> 任务中首次全部满足,而首次实际的 LLO ↔ LEO 物流循环则在 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 任务期间(2024 年 7 月)启动。</p>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="details">任务详情</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>发射与入轨(6 月 17 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>2024 年 6 月 17 日 08 时 19 分,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E 长征十号戊</a>运载火箭搭载<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾一号</a>可复用转移级从文昌发射场发射升空。08 时 22 分,一级 9 台 YF-150 液氧煤油发动机关机,一级沿发射方向惯性飞行——采用航区回收模式,栅格翼展开后于海上驳船着陆。08 时 27 分,二级 YF-215X Vac 发动机关机,金蟾一号与二级分离。08 时 35 分,金蟾一号以自身 Hecate 发动机完成轨道圆化,进入 400×400 km 圆形 LEO 停泊轨道。08 时 42 分,太阳能电池板展开,航电系统进入待命模式——金蟾一号正式开始在轨待命。发射时金蟾仅携带入轨和初期姿态维持所需的最小燃料量(约 15 吨液氧甲烷),干重约 8 吨,发射总质量约 23 吨——远在 CZ-10E 运力范围内(LEO 55 吨)。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>金蟾转移级概述</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾转移级</a>是广寒计划专门设计的可复用深空拖船,干重 8 吨,最大燃料容量 98 吨(液氧甲烷),配备 2 台 Hecate 液氧液氢发动机(单台真空推力 825 kN),总 Δv 约 7.8 km/s(满载时)。金蟾的设计核心是"不落地"——它在整个服役周期内始终驻留轨道,通过对接完成燃料加注和载荷交换,无需着陆、无需承受月面或地球大气层再入的热/结构载荷。这一设计哲学使其结构质量比(干重/满载重)极为优秀,约为 7.5%。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾一号的前向和后向各设一套通用对接机构,可兼容冰轮着陆器(顶部对接口)、广寒基地模块(标准货运托盘接口)和 CZ-16 上面级(LEO 补给接口)。在标准物流循环中,金蟾在 LLO 接收月面冰轮上行输送的燃料和模块,点火返回 LEO;在 LEO 接收由 CZ-16 发射的新模块,加注燃料后再次点火前往 LLO——构成闭环。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>轨道物流架构</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾一号入轨后,广寒计划的地月物流体系形成了三节点架构:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>节点一 · 月面</b>:冰轮 ISRU 生产氢氧燃料,冰轮货运型将燃料和模块从月面运输至 LLO,交付金蟾。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>节点二 · LLO</b>:金蟾在月球轨道接收月面上行物资,转运至 LEO;同时接收 LEO 上行模块,转运至 LLO 交付冰轮下行月面。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>节点三 · LEO</b>:金蟾在近地轨道接收由 CZ-16/CZ-16A 发射的新模块和补给,加注由月面 ISRU 生产的燃料后再次前往 LLO。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>这一架构的核心优势在于:月面 ISRU 生产的燃料无需返回地球重力井——它只需上行至 LLO 交付金蟾,金蟾携带燃料下行至 LEO(利用大气制动辅助减速,大幅节省 Δv),供近地轨道任务使用。月面→LLO→LEO 的燃料下行链路是整个广寒计划最具经济价值的物流创新。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>入轨后状态与未来计划</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾一号入轨后进入长期待命状态,核心系统维持最低功耗运行:航电计算机以低功耗模式周期性自检,太阳能电池板维持对日定向,RCS 储备充足(200 kg 肼燃料未消耗)。轨道参数 400×400 km 圆形轨道,倾角与文昌发射场匹配,便于后续 CZ-16/CZ-16A 发射的模块与之交会对接。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾一号的首次物流任务将在 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 期间启动。届时冰轮二号(在 GHC-02 中完成柔性管道连接和燃料传输验证)将从月面携带 ISRU 生产的氢氧燃料起飞至 LLO,交付金蟾一号——这是金蟾服役生涯中的第一次燃料接收。随后金蟾一号点火返回 LEO,在地球轨道接收由 CZ-16 发射的广寒 01 模块(电力模块),再次点火前往 LLO——完成首个完整的 LLO ↔ LEO ↔ LLO 物流循环。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾二号计划在后续任务中部署,届时双金蟾编队可实现 LLO ↔ LEO 往返物流的并行运行——一艘在 LLO 装载月面燃料时,另一艘在 LEO 装载地球上行模块,大幅缩短物流循环周期。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="achievements">任务成果</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>广寒计划首艘轨道转移级入轨</b>:金蟾一号成功部署至 LEO 400×400 km 停泊轨道,标志着广寒物流体系三节点架构(月面—LLO—LEO)的轨道中转枢纽就位。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>CZ-10E 第二次成功发射</b>:验证了 CZ-10E 在航区回收模式下的 LEO 运力和发射可靠性,为后续金蟾部署任务积累了发射经验。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>金蟾转移级在轨待命</b>:金蟾一号航电系统和太阳能电池板运行正常,进入低功耗待命模式,为后续 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 任务期间的首次物流循环做好了准备。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>地月物流闭环硬件就绪</b>:金蟾一号入轨后,月面 ISRU→冰轮→金蟾→LEO 的燃料下行链路和 LEO→金蟾→冰轮→月面的模块上行链路在硬件层面全部就位,广寒物流体系从概念进入实战阶段。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="seealso">参见</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划总览</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01/Gallery">JC-01 任务图集</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾可复用转移级</a> — 完整技术参数</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E 长征十号戊</a> — 本任务运载火箭</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> — 首次启动金蟾物流循环</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
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|
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|
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|
<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
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|
|
||||||
|
<h1 id="top">金蟾部署任务-02 任务图集</h1>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-02">← 返回任务页</a></p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-bottom:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01/Gallery">← JC-01 图集</a></p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>JC-02 的影像素材待补充。</p>
|
||||||
|
<div class="image-placeholder">JC-02 任务影像待补充</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><b>任务图集导航</b>:<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01/Gallery">← JC-01 图集</a></p>
|
||||||
|
<p style="margin-top:1.5em;"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-02">← 返回任务页</a></p>
|
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|
</article>
|
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|
<script>
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|
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<article class="mw-parser-output wiki-article">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h1 id="top">金蟾部署任务-02</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<table class="infobox">
|
||||||
|
<caption>JC-02<span>广寒计划 · 第二艘金蟾转移级</span></caption>
|
||||||
|
<tbody>
|
||||||
|
<tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><div class="image-placeholder">JC-02 任务影像</div><div class="thumbcaption">影像待补充</div></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务概况</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务编号</th><td class="infobox-data">JC-02</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">所属计划</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">状态</th><td class="infobox-data">✅ 成功 — 金蟾二号在轨待命</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">发射与部署</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">发射日期</th><td class="infobox-data">2024-12-23 14:23</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">运载火箭</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E 长征十号戊</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">载荷</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾二号</a>(可复用转移级)</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">目标轨道</th><td class="infobox-data">LEO 400×400 km</td></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr class="infobox-section"><th colspan="2">任务导航</th></tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">任务导航</th><td class="infobox-data">← <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a></td></tr>
|
||||||
|
</tbody>
|
||||||
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><b>JC-02</b>(<b>金蟾部署任务-02</b>)是广寒计划的第二艘金蟾转移级部署任务。2024 年 12 月 23 日 14:23,<a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E 长征十号戊</a>运载火箭将<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾二号</a>送入近地轨道 400×400 km——与金蟾一号(<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a>,2024 年 6 月 17 日发射)相同的停泊轨道。JC-02 发射时正值 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-05">GHC-05</a> 任务期间:广寒 03 模块已于前一日(12 月 23 日 01:11)由冰轮三号搭载着陆于东方海,GHC-05 乘组正准备开始广寒 03 四个新舱段的卸货与安装作业。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾二号入轨后进入待命状态,与已在轨运行半年的金蟾一号形成双金蟾编队。自此广寒物流体系首次具备 <b>并行运输能力</b>——一艘金蟾可在 LLO 装载月面燃料时,另一艘在 LEO 装载地球上行模块,物流循环周期从单金蟾的约 25~30 天缩短至约 15~18 天。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section class="infobox-overlap-section" aria-labelledby="background">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="background">任务背景</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a> 部署金蟾一号后,广寒计划物流链的运力瓶颈逐渐显现。从 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a>(2024 年 7~8 月,金蟾一号首次执行物流循环但出现液氢保温异常)到 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-04">GHC-04</a>(2024 年 9~11 月,金蟾一号完成修复并执行两次 LLO↔LEO 往返),单艘金蟾的运力可以支撑当前的基地扩建节奏——但无法同时支持月面燃料下行与地球模块上行。随着广寒基地进入大规模扩建阶段(广寒 03~07 模块的陆续发射),物流需求将大幅增长。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>JC-02 的部署时机与 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-05">GHC-05</a> 任务同步——金蟾二号入轨当日,GHC-05 正在月面安装广寒 03 模块。这一安排确保在后续 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-06">GHC-06</a> 展开广寒 04 模块部署时,双金蟾编队已就位,可独立承担 LEO 货运转运与 LLO 燃料加注两项并行任务。金蟾二号与金蟾一号在设计和接口上完全一致——干重 8 吨、最大燃料容量 98 吨液氧甲烷、2 台 Hecate 液氧液氢发动机——确保维护流程和乘组操作无需额外训练。</p>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="details">任务详情</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>发射与部署(12 月 23 日)</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E</a> 于 2024 年 12 月 23 日 14:23 从文昌发射场发射<a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾二号</a>。为适配 CZ-10E 在航区回收模式下的运力限制(LEO 55 吨),发射时金蟾二号仅携带入轨和初期姿态维持所需的最小燃料量(约 15 吨液氧甲烷),干重约 8 吨,发射总质量约 23 吨——远在 CZ-10E 运力范围内。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>一级采用航区回收模式——9 台 YF-150 液氧煤油发动机关机后一级沿发射方向惯性飞行,栅格翼展开后降落在海上回收驳船。二级 YF-215X Vac 发动机完成入轨推进后,金蟾二号与二级分离,以自身 Hecate 发动机完成轨道圆化——进入 400×400 km 圆形停泊轨道。金蟾二号太阳能电池板展开、航电系统自检通过后,进入低功耗待命模式,等待后续任务的燃料补给和物流指令。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h3>双金蟾并行物流</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾二号入轨后,广寒物流体系形成了以下并行运输能力:</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>金蟾一号</b>(2024 年 6 月部署,已累计完成 3 次 LLO↔LEO 往返):经 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-03">GHC-03</a> 在轨维修后运行稳定。<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-05">GHC-05</a> 期间(2024 年 12 月)执行了广寒 03 模块的 LEO→LLO 转运。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>金蟾二号</b>(2024 年 12 月部署):入轨后待命。在后续任务(<a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-06">GHC-06</a> 起)中可与金蟾一号交替或并行执行物流循环——一艘在 LLO 接收月面冰轮上行燃料,另一艘在 LEO 接收地球 CZ-16 上行模块,物流周期从单金蟾的约 25~30 天缩短至约 15~18 天。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>双金蟾编队的核心价值在于<b>消除物流等待时间</b>。在单金蟾作业模式下,一个月面燃料上行任务 + 一个地球模块上行任务需要金蟾在 LLO 和 LEO 之间往返两次(LLO→LEO→LLO→LEO),总周期约 45~55 天。双金蟾模式下,两艘金蟾各自独立执行一条航线——金蟾一号(LLO↔LEO 燃料下行)+ 金蟾二号(LEO↔LLO 模块上行)——两条航线可在同一窗口周期内并行完成,总周期压缩至约 20~25 天。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>金蟾三号(JC-03)将在后续任务中部署,届时三艘金蟾可实现"一艘在 LLO 装燃料、一艘在 LEO 装模块、一艘在途"的完全并行物流模式。</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="achievements">任务成果</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>双金蟾编队形成</b>:金蟾二号与已在轨半年的金蟾一号在 LEO 400×400 km 轨道会合,广寒物流体系首次具备并行运输能力。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>CZ-10E 第三次成功发射</b>:进一步验证了 CZ-10E 在航区回收模式下的发射可靠性,为后续金蟾三号部署奠定了基础。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>物流周期大幅缩短</b>:双金蟾并行模式下,单次物流循环周期从单金蟾的约 25~30 天缩短至约 15~18 天,完全并行模式下可进一步压缩至约 20~25 天,大幅提升地月物资周转效率。</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><b>支持大规模基地扩建</b>:金蟾二号入轨与 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-05">GHC-05</a> 广寒 03 模块安装同步,为后续 <a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-06">GHC-06</a> 广寒 04 模块部署提供了双线物流保障,确保月面基地扩建与地月物资运输同步推进。</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="seealso">参见</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program">广寒计划总览</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/JC-01">JC-01</a> — 金蟾一号部署任务</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/mission/Guanghan_Program/GHC-05">GHC-05</a> — 同期进行的基地扩建任务</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Spacecraft/Jinchan_Transfer_Stage">金蟾可复用转移级</a> — 完整技术参数</li>
|
||||||
|
<li><a href="/home/Launch_Vehicles/CZ-10E">CZ-10E 长征十号戊</a></li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<script>
|
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|
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user